Ecological Injustice in the Anthropocene

Flooding in Banjiha, "Parasite"-style Basement Housing in Seoul

Abstract

This paper explores the intersection of ecological injustice and socioeconomic disparity in light of the tragic flooding of Seoul’s banjiha (basement housing) in 2022. As the Anthropocene era advances, the impact of climate change, including the increased frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, is disproportionately affecting marginalized populations. This is particularly evident in Seoul, where banjihas—homes that are half-underground—have become critical sites of ecological injustice. The 2022 floods, which inundated banjiha homes during record-breaking rainfall, resulted in fatalities and severe damage, highlighting the vulnerability of disadvantaged residents who often live with disabilities or in extreme poverty. This paper analyzes how the structural and socioeconomic conditions of banjiha housing exacerbate the impact of climate-induced flooding. It argues that the 2022 tragedy was not merely a natural disaster, but a revelation of deep-rooted social inequalities. Through the lens of practical theology, informed by Pamela Couture’s social ecology of care, this study proposes a comprehensive response to address such ecological and social injustices. By examining the roles of individuals, families, community institutions, culture, economic conditions, and governmental policies, the paper advocates a multi-dimensional approach to mitigating the effects of climate change on vulnerable populations and to promoting equitable and sustainable living conditions. The aim of this approach is to bridge the gap between theological reflection and practical action. It does so by offering strategies for practical theologians and the churches to engage with as they support affected communities in the face of ongoing ecological challenges.